If parenting feels out of control and you keep hitting or yelling, take a class that teaches concrete parenting skills

Cost: Parent schools run by schools, kindergartens, and communities are public and free. Evidence-based programs meet weekly or biweekly for 1–2 hours per session, for 4 to 24 weeks. You must practice at home. The hard part is finishing and practicing daily.
In plain terms: Parenting programs that teach specific techniques reduce children’s hitting and rule-breaking in randomized trials, and parents’ mood improves. Parents also hit and yell less — strongest right after the course, still present one to two years later but much smaller. Shanghai has run similar trials with positive results.
Benefit: Cochrane pooled 13 trials, 10 randomized, 1,078 parents of children aged 3–12 with behavior problems. After training, children’s behavior problems decreased. Parent report SMD −0.53 (95% CI −0.72 to −0.34); independent raters −0.44 (−0.77 to −0.11). SMD matches d; 0.5 is medium. Parent mental health improved −0.36 (−0.52 to −0.20). Harsh or negative parenting decreased: parent report −0.77 (−0.96 to −0.59), independent −0.42 (−0.67 to −0.16). Authors describe these as short-term effects. Another meta-analysis screened 346 randomized trials; 60 measured hitting or yelling across 22 countries. Hitting/yelling decreased immediately post-course d = −0.46 (−0.59 to −0.33). At 1–6 months −0.24 (−0.37 to −0.11). At 7–24 months −0.18 (−0.34 to −0.02), fading over time. Most data are parent-reported. In China, Shanghai randomized 81 parents to Triple P group training versus waitlist; after training and at 6 months, child adjustment, parenting practices, and parent mood were better than waitlist. A rural kindergarten trial with 191 caregivers: self-paced online lessons plus two group discussions versus book only; after two weeks self-reported child abuse behaviors were about 33% lower (IRR 0.67). At three months children’s behavior problems were lower (d = −0.40). The Family Education Promotion Law requires parents to study family-education knowledge. Schools and kindergartens may run parent schools with regular public guidance; neighborhood committees may run community parent schools. Provincial-level governments must provide public online parent schools and hotlines. Family-education guidance institutions may not run for-profit training (nationwide, effective 1 January 2022).
Evidence grade: A
Sources:Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J, Smith SM, Donnelly M. (2012). Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD008225. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2；Backhaus S, Leijten P, Jochim J, Melendez-Torres GJ, Gardner F. (2023). Effects over time of parenting interventions to reduce physical and emotional violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, 60, 102003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102003；Guo M, Morawska A, Sanders MR. (2016). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Triple P With Chinese Parents in Mainland China. Behavior Modification, 40(6), 825–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445516644221；Wang W, Zhang H. (2026). A self-directed parenting program to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in rural China: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 173, 107937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.107937；全国人大常委会 (2021). 家庭教育促进法（第十八、二十五、三十一、三十八、四十条）. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail?id=ff8081817cac3b2d017cac5a6c6f0109
Notes: Grade A from Cochrane and pooled randomized trials. Shared features: instructors teach concrete skills (play with the child, praise, rewards, discipline); parents practice and get homework. Programs that only handed out materials or only discussed were excluded, so evidence does not cover one-off lectures. Content of local public parent schools varies and may not match this model — look for multi-week courses with practiced skills. Names often include Triple P, Incredible Years, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). This book does not endorse specific providers or paid products. Reduced hitting fades after one to two years; keep practicing after the course ends. Beneficiaries are the child and you. If the child already has severe emotional problems, see a psychiatrist or child psychologist — item 8 in this section (depression screening).